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来源：彩神iv争霸2023-11-06 17:48

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主” 的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对” 的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

彩神iv争霸

帕维尔·巴辛斯基以《安娜·卡列宁娜的真实故事》获俄国大书奖******

　　61岁的俄国作家、文学批评家和托学家帕维尔·巴辛斯基以其新作《安娜·卡列宁娜的真实故事》获颁第17届大书奖。

　　大书奖创办于2006年，得到大亨赞助，每年年末颁奖，是目前俄国总奖金额最高的年度文学奖。

　　巴辛斯基获得了巨额奖金300万卢布，今年约合人民币32万元。

　　中华读书报在半年前关于第八届红场图书节的报道中曾提及《安娜·卡列宁娜的真实故事》。安谢塔社所出此书厚384页，号称托翁小说《安娜·卡列宁娜》的导读，它以通俗易懂的语言，评述当代读者不易理解的19世纪中叶的俄国，介绍日常生活的相关细节和旧社会的特殊风貌，论及宗教、法律、政治、社交和习俗等往日现实怎样从一开始就决定了安娜的命运。

　　这是巴辛斯基第二次赢得大书奖。2010年，他曾以描写托尔斯泰临终时的小说《列夫·托尔斯泰：逃离天堂》获奖。该书取材于文豪从亚斯纳亚波良纳庄园惊遁而走的旧事。出版商宣称，通过对日常生活细致入微的描写，巴辛斯基一步步重建了老爵爷的内室风云和生离死别。

　　巴辛斯基是俄罗斯文学院院士和俄联邦国家奖得主，生于1961年，自1981年起就职于《文学报》，撰写文化评论，后进修于高尔基文学院，亦为《新世界》《十月》《旗帜》等杂志定期撰稿，编辑过多种俄苏文学作品集，亦写有文学批评专著。

　　中国读者对他应不陌生。他的两部传记作品——余一中和王加兴译《另一个高尔基》与何守源译《列夫·托尔斯泰大传》——分别于2012年和2016年由译林出版社与北京时代华文书局出版。

　　巴辛斯基此前透露，他有意继续研究《安娜·卡列宁娜》，下一个主题或将是康斯坦丁·列文——俄国文学史上的第一个共产主义者形象。

　　阿列克谢·瓦尔拉莫夫的思想家传记《罗扎诺夫之名》获得了价值150万卢布的大书奖二等奖。

　　奖金100万卢布的三等奖颁给了历史学家谢尔盖·别利亚科夫所著《斯大林时代莫斯科的巴黎少年》，述及诗人茨维塔耶娃之子格奥尔基·叶夫龙等多个法国青年的故事。

　　大书奖的读者选择奖由古泽尔·亚欣娜的小说《开往撒马尔罕的闷罐车》获得。关于此书，可参见本报2021年4月7日的报道《俄历史学家指控大书奖得主古泽尔·亚欣娜抄袭》。

　　获得去年大书奖的是俄国纪录小说之王列昂尼德·优素福维奇历时12年写成的历史小说《亲希腊者》。

　　大书奖往届得主包括德米特里·贝科夫、柳德米拉·乌利茨卡娅、弗拉基米尔·马卡宁、丹尼尔·格拉宁、扎哈尔·普里列平和古泽尔·亚欣娜等。（本报记者康慨）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

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